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Transcutaneous electrogastrography
Davidová, Lenka ; Závodná, Eva (referee) ; Nováková, Zuzana (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to introduce the physiology and pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract, with functional parameters and appropriate diagnostics. The thesis also deals with transcutaneous electrogastrography devices and presents a suggestion of a measurement protocol which would involve a group of volunteers in fasting and postprandial states. The theoretical part describes the function of the gastrointestinal tract, detailing the analysis of gastric myoelectric activity and gastric motility. It also outlines technical and formal aspects of the parameters, artefacts and subsequent data analysis. In the practical part, a program is designed and implemented in the Matlab computing environment for the analysis of EGG recordings. Furthermore, differences between parameters in fasting and postprandial states are evaluated.
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The role of CRL4 ubiquitin ligase complex in homeostasis and regeneration of gastro intestinal tract
Daněk, Veronika ; Procházka, Jan (advisor) ; Janečková, Lucie (referee) ; Čermák, Lukáš (referee)
Ubiquitination represents a central regulatory mechanism for protein function utilization. Dysfunction of ubiquitin ligases is associated with the development of various pathological conditions. However, the full complexity of the ubiquitinating network in tissue homeostasis and carcinogenesis remains to be elucidated, limiting its potential as a therapeutic target. In my PhD project, I aimed to reveal the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases, particularly CUL4A, in the alteration of regulatory pathways that result in gastrointestinal (GIT) homeostasis disorders and tumor expansion. By using a novel semantic biclustering technique, we performed expression profiling of the E3 ubiquitin ligases and uncovered the potentially redundant features of GIT-specific ubiquitin ligases based on their tissue-specific expression and ontological relationships. Testing the identified compensatory network on the mouse model showed that genes from the same ontology group simultaneously altered their expression pattern after induced epithelial damage, exposing their complementary role during tissue regeneration. Next, I focused on CUL4A, a scaffold of the Cullin4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL4). We described that CUL4A is expressed by populations of secretory cells in the small intestine and colon. CUL4A deficiency...
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Atresia of gastrointestinal tract and possibilities of physiotherapeutic intervention
Zdobnická, Barbora ; Šonská, Kristýna (advisor) ; Štefanová, Petra (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with atresia of the gastrointestinal tract and possibilities of physiotherapeutic intervention. The thesis is presented in the form of a review with a case study. The review part contains information about the development and anatomy of the parts of the gastrointestinal tract that are most often affected by atresia. The classification, diagnosis and surgical treatment options of individual atresia are also mentioned. The options of physiotherapy intervention include scar treatment, respiratory physiotherapy, physical therapy, basal stimulation and orofacial stimulation. The practical part of the bachelor thesis is presented in the form of a case study of a patient after gastrointestinal atresia surgery. The content includes the examination before and after the therapy in the physiotherapist's ambulance and the follow-up after 2 months of regular therapy. The positive effects of physiotherapy are documented by photodocumentation and by using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale to evaluate motor development. The practical part also includes an educational handout for parents about the implementation of respiratory physiotherapy after discharge from hospital, which will be subsequently used in the Department of Paediatric Surgery at FN Motol.
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Circadian regulation of digestive system function and its disturbances due to external factors
Běloušková, Klára ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Balounová, Kateřina (referee)
Circadian clocks regulate the behavior of cells in living organisms in 24hour periods. They react to environmental influences and, by synchronizing with them, ensure optimal cell function and the overall health of the organism. Biological clocks in the gastrointestinal tract and their functions can be influenced by several factors, including the timing of food intake or the influence of the microbiome. The correct timing of food intake can be essential in maintaining the functional physiology of the organism as well as the appropriate composition of the gut microbiome. Disruption of the synchronization between these factors and the biological clock in the gastrointestinal tract leads to disharmony of the organism, its improper function and the development of disease. The timing of food intake and the cultivation of an appropriate microbiome is critical to maintaining optimal health and should not be neglected by the public.
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Vliv probiotik na průběh střevních zánětů
Hönigová, Kateřina
Probiotic therapy presents potential prevention of many diseases, moderation their symptoms or in some cases it could eventually replace standard medication. This thesis sums up actual findings about effect of probiotics on intestinal diseases. First part is about genus of probiotic bacteria and their characteristic. Next part is about anatomic and histologic structure of the digestive system for better understanding of probiotic effect mechanism. The most extensive part of the thesis is about individual diseases and their analysis. Focus was taken on idiopatic intestinal diseases and potential use of probiotic therapy. This part includes actual findings about effect of probiotics on these diseases. In the end there are possible risks and cons of probiotic usage. This thesis could be used as summary of all actual findings focused on use of probiotics in intestinal disease treatment.
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Vliv probiotik na onemocnění trávicího traktu psů.
Nakládalová, Kristýna
Probiotics are recently use as food supplements in humans and in animals. Because they have beneficial effect on health, it has also been used as a supportive treatment for various gastrointestinal diseases in dog. This thesis describes about genus of probiotic bacteria and their characteristic, their mechanism of action and also represent the most important strains of bacteria the most commonly used as probiotics. This bachelor thesis describes the required properties of probiotics used in animal nutrition. The next part is about an anatomy and a physiology of the digestive tract of the dog, which is followed by part of the most important diseases affecting the intestines in dogs. The last chapter is a collection of available studies, which focus on probiotics therapy in dogs.
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Nurse and her role in preventing gastrointestinal tract illness.
KRÁTKÁ, Iveta
This diploma thesis focuses on the description of a chosen gastro-intestinal disease - colorectal carcinome, unspecified chronic intestinal infections, and ulcerous gastroduodenal disease. It pursues the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and most attention is given to the prevention of a chosen disease in gastro-intestinal tract. Concerning prevention, it focuses also on nutrition because that is what plays a significant role in keeping human population healthy. The empiric part of the thesis has been processed using a qualitative research survey, using the method of an in-depth semi-standardized interview. The first research group was formed by healthy individuals. The second research group was formed by nurses working with a practical doctor at the internal department and at the gastro-enterological department. The third research group was formed by patients suffering from gastroduoenal disease. The fourth research group was formed by patients sufferring from non-specific chronic intestinal infections. The fifth research group was formed by patients suffering from colorectal carcinome. The obtained results have proven that people know what a healthy lifestyle is, but compliance to it is rather difficult. One of its positive effects is that most people get their medical check-up regularly. The research group of ill individuals proves that the area of terciary or quarterly prevention is not made clear to the probands. The nurses´ research group has proven the fact that the prevention area is not made properly clear to the nurses, thus they do not provide the patients with sufficient information about their illness. This diploma thesis should aim at nurses and make sure they do not ignore the necessity of gastro-intestinal disease preention. T inform patients about options of prevention they have available. Patients themselves also need to realize how important their health is in their lives. Research survey results have been processed to form an information brochure meant for gastro-intestinal disease patients. To deepe knowledge about this issue we suggest offering the obtained results to be published in an expert magazine called Gastroenterology and Haemathology - Czech Gastroenterological Society.
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Imaging of the gastrointestinal tract - ERCP
HROCHOVÁ, Simona
The bachelor thesis on GIT imaging methods with focus on ERCP deals with diagnostic and therapeutic methods and provides an overview of the individual imaging methods used in diagnostics and therapy. In the practical part, the thesis focuses on the ERCP diagnostic and therapeutic method. Knowledge of anatomy is indispensable for the orientation in this field and for the quality work of radiological assistants and physicians, and therefore the introduction is dedicated to GIT anatomy. Diagnostic procedures, including imaging methods, are described in each individual anatomical area, and the most common diseases affecting the indicated GIT area are listed. The second half of the theoretical part describes the diagnostic and therapeutic imaging methods of the digestive tract with respect to the anatomical area in which the examination is carried out, which fall under the X-ray unit and are performed by radiological assistants and doctors. The practical part is focused on the diagnostic and therapeutic method ERCP and its use at the RTG unit at Thomayerova hospital in the years 2014-18. The work covers the entire course of the examination from the preparation of the patient to the therapeutic procedures. A set of patients is used in terms of the frequency of the examinations carried out in 2014-18. In the individual years, patients are further broken down and analysed based on the decade of birth and gender. The data sets obtained are processed into clear graphs and the use of the method today is evaluated based on the proportion of patients undergoing the examination in the individual years using the date of birth and gender criteria. Specialized books and articles as well as verified internet sources were used to write this bachelor thesis. The results of my work give answers to the research question about the preferences of using the ERCP examination. They reflect the ongoing trend in the use of ERCP in diagnostics and especially in therapy due to the undeniable advantage of the use of therapeutic interventions immediately during the diagnostic examination. The aim of the thesis is to create a general overview and description of the individual methods of GIT examination according to the individual anatomical area with focus and a more detailed description of the ERCP method. An analysis of the data set obtained at the Thomayer Hospital's RTG unit was carried out.
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Expression of ubiquitin ligases in gastrointestinal tract
Pícková, Markéta ; Sedláček, Radislav (advisor) ; Čermák, Lukáš (referee)
Ubiquitin (Ub) ligases are important regulatory and signalling molecules, which are involved in majority of cellular processes such as differentiation, DNA repair, and regulation of energetic metabolism or immune response. E3 Ubiquitin ligases are also responsible for pathophysiological changes in the organism and their activity is associated with many human diseases including cancers. This makes E3 Ubiquitin ligases to be new diagnostic markers and interesting pharmaceutical targets. Based on previous studies, these enzymes evince very specific expression in the level of tissues or cell populations. Determination of this specific expression is important for a better understanding of their biological function. In this diploma thesis we systematically screened presence of 370 genes of E3-Ub ligases in gastrointestinal tract under physiological conditions and during acute inflammatory damage of distal colon. Obtained data allowed us to select genes, which can play important role in homeostasis as well as pathophysiology and regeneration of gastrointestinal tract. The screening was based on the expression profiling using qPCR, followed by in situ hybridization to determine the exact localization of the gene expression within tissues. From qPCR analysis was predicted hundred thirty seven candidates for...
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